In the absence of the application of the Watercourses Convention, various other legal arrangements and political declarations must be considered to gain an understanding of the regulation of the Dam and the Nile River more generally. What is your opinion on Ethiopia's chances of completing the "Great It also codified the principles of equitable and reasonable utilisation and no significant harm (essentially importing from the Watercourses Convention). (PDF) Benefit of Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam Project (GERDP) for "The Israeli installation of the missile system around the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam was completed after the Israeli work began in May 2019, considering that it is the first Israeli air defense system abroad that can launch (two types of missiles), the first with a range of 5 km, and the second with a range of 50 kilometer". Learn. Ethiopia, Egypt, Sudan reach 'major common understanding' on dam. Ethiopia, with a population of more than 115 million people and Projected to be 230 million by 2050. The GERD and the Revival of the Egyptian-Sudanese Dispute over the Nile Waters. It is perhaps the most glaring demonstration of environmental or climate injustice that the youngest continent (60 percent of the population is below the age of twenty-five) is also the one that has historically least contributed to the industrial emissions of greenhouse gases yet is likely the one that will be hardest affected by meteorological It imports about half its food products and recycles about 25 bcm of water annually. (PDF) The Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam: Evaluating Its Egypt says. Despite the intense disagreements, though, Ethiopia continues to move forward with the dam, arguing that the hydroelectric project will significantly improve livelihoods in the region more broadly. At stake, too, is . These conflicts could take the form of international armed conflicts (between states), non-international armed conflicts between a group and a state, or conflicts between non-state groups. Consequently, under the principle of pacta tertiis nec nocent nec prosunt, it could demonstrate that those treaties cannot bind it as it was a third party and did not give its consent. Hence, it seems that such an argument would receive a warm welcome from the current bench were the matter ever to be adjudicated there. We do know that Ethiopia is already seeing longer droughts and worse floods. European countries including Italy, Belgium and especially the UK controlled the Nile as part of colonisation and the broader Scramble for Africa. These colonising states used the tactic of concluding treaties (often at gunpoint) to secure their interests and, in this case, essentially prohibit upstream states from using their own waters. The Kenyan Lake is heavily dependent on the fresh water and vital nutrients supplied by the rivers annual floods, making it a paradise for fisheries. Ethiopia has never 'consumed' significant shares of the Nile's water so far, as its previous political and economic fragility in combination with a lack of external financial support, due to persistent Egyptian opposition to projects upstream, prevented it from implementing large-scale projects. The Friends of Lake Turkana, an NGO representing indigenous groups whose livelihoods are dependent on the Lake, filed a suit to halt the construction of the dam. Ethiopia's dam dispute: five key reads about how it started and how it Indeed, as Tekuya notes, Ethiopia persistently objected to the 1929 and 1959 treaties and made clear that its failure to exploit the Nile resulted from a lack of capacity rather than a lack of a legal right to do so. Sudan, caught between the competing interests of both Egypt and Ethiopia, has been changing its stance on the issue. Egypts Nile Water Policy under Sisi: Security Interests Promote Rapprochement with Ethiopia. Ethiopia's Grand Renaissance Dam: Ending Africa's Oldest Geopolitical Rivalry? Still, Egypt may be playing with fire if it were to press the legal significance of the DoP. Hydrological Sciences Journal, 56(4), 687-702. Why is the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam contentious? However, it also entails potential negative effects on Egypt, if not carefully managed (see alsoSecurity implications of growing water scarcity in Egypt). However, as noted above, the trouble with relying on the DoP is that its legal status is not clearly defined. 4. After all, the VCLT allows states to withdraw from or terminate a treaty owing to a fundamental change of circumstances which has occurred and which was not foreseen by the parties (Article 62(1)). The late Prime Minister Meles Zenawi, who laid the foundation stone in 2011, said the dam would be built without begging for money . However, by far the largest of these projects is the GERD, which was announced in 2010 and work on which was launched in 2011 by means of a nationwide fundraiser in which Ethiopian civil servants were reportedly obliged to volunteer a months salary to invest in GERD bonds. [18] However, the Convention took almost twenty years to enter into force (from 1997 to 2014) due to the lack of necessary ratifications by states. The Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam Gets Set to Open - Hiiraan Online On 5 July 2021, Ethiopia informed Egypt and Sudan that the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) on the Blue Nile in Ethiopia is undergoing its second filling. Water scarcity is a growing problem. Across Ethiopia, poor farmers and rich business executives alike . The writer is a professor of political science at the UAEs Zayed and Cairo universities, *A version of this article appears in print in the 9 July, 2020 edition ofAl-Ahram Weekly, Spain La Liga results & fixtures (24th matchday). A Grand New Dam on the Nile: The Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam On March 4, 1909, the Copyright Act of 1909 became law, making infringement of a copyright a federal crime for the first time. These are two of the largest dams in Africa. Test. Since then, there has been a constant stream of complaints regarding the social and environmental impacts on downriver areas, including large displacements of local populations. Ethiopian general threatens military force to defend Nile dam as negotiations with Egypt falter. More alarmingly, Egyptian president Hosni Mubarak allegedly even considered bombing the Dam. Ethiopia, whose highlands supply more than 85 percent of the water that flows into the Nile River, has long argued that it has the right to utilize its natural resources to address widespread poverty and improve the living standards of its people. The unilateral decision taken by Ethiopia - which never recognised the 1959 agreement but had previously not been able to challenge it in fact - to build the Great Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) in 2011 represents a major political challenge to the 1959 Agreement. International rights organisations have reported that many cases of displacement were not voluntary and that entire communities were driven from their villages. Egypt has taken various efforts in a bid to secure its water security in the context of the Nile River. Negotiations resumed three weeks after Al-Sisi took office in June 2014, and an agreement was made to resume negotiations - an achievementhailed by both Egypt and Ethiopia as a new chapter in relations between Egypt and Ethiopia based on openness and mutual understanding and cooperation (Omar, 2014). Ethiopia says it will take a further four to six years to fill up the reservoir to its maximum flood season capacity of 74bcm. The 10-year filling time of GERD will likely contribute to fastened salinisation in Egypt. This has now changed due to political consolidation over the past two decades and the advent of alternative sources of external finance (to the traditional multilateral development banks), not least from China (Gebreluel, 2014;IDS, 2013). Churning waters: Strategic shifts in the Nile basin. The Danger of Multi-Party Democracy and Free Elections in Plural Societies Recognizing the Muslim Brotherhood as a Legitimate Player in Egyptian Politics was a Big Mistake Ethiopian Partnering with ASKY to Establish West African Cargo Hub Ethiopia and China's ZTE singed $800 million mobile deal H and M to build factories in Ethiopia Kandeel, A. While the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) is taking shape on . Elliot Winter is a lecturer (assistant professor) in international law at Newcastle University in the United Kingdom. It provides clear benefits to all three riparian, such as flood control, reduced flood damages and sediment control. But the project has caused concern. The Eastern Nile Basin comprises Egypt, Sudan, and Ethiopia. The piece (i) gives a brief history of the Dam; (ii) outlines the role of the Watercourses Convention; (iii) explains the significance of the Nile Waters Treaties; (iv) sets out the main legal arguments for Egypt and (v) provides the main legal arguments for Ethiopia. The 1902 Treaty did not preclude Ethiopia from undertaking works that might reduce, but not arrest, the flow of waters. Since 2015, technical reports on the potential impacts of the dam have failed to reach a consensus within the TNC (Maguid, 2017). Hence, the customary law argument might be too ambitious. In July of 2021, the second filling of the dam was completed. The Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam, a powerful generation linchpin The most important of these treaties is the 1997 UN Convention on the Law of Non-Navigational Uses of International Watercourses (the Watercourses Convention). grand ethiopian renaissance dam Flashcards | Quizlet PDF Negative Impact of Ethiopian Renaissance Dam and Population on - AJER However, Sudans future water requirements will likely exceed its water quota as defined in the 1959 Agreement. "The Blue Nile is the lifeblood of Egypt and its people and critics fear the dam could significantly reduce water flow to the country." "Climate change is such a big unknown.
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